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Glenn Orton's Picture
Address:
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
M/S 169-237
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109
Phone:
818.354.2460
Fax:
818.393.4619
Email:

Glenn Orton

Education
  • Sc.B. in Physics (with honors, cum Laude) - Brown University (1970)
  • Ph.D. in Planetary Science - California Institute of Technology (1975)
Research Interests
  • Infrared astronomy
  • Planetary atmospheres
  • Infrared spectroscopy
  • Brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets
Projects

Cassini-Huygens Icon Cassini-Huygens
The Cassini-Huygens spacecraft is currently exploring the ringed planet, its mysterious moons, the stunning rings and its complex magnetic environment.

Herschel Icon Herschel
The Herschel Space Observatory is a space-based telescope that will study the Universe by the light of the far-infrared and submillimeter portions of the spectrum.

Juno Icon Juno
Juno will fly to Jupiter and orbit its polar regions in order to understand the planet's gross size and structural properties, as well as measure Jupiter's atmospheric composition, temperature and deep wind profiles.

Professional Experience
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech (1977-present)
    • Senior Research Scientist (1995-present)
    • Co-Investigator, Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) Experiment
    • Interdisciplinary Scientist, Galileo Project
    • Co-Investigator, Galileo Orbiter Photometer-Polarimeter-Radiometer (PPR) Experiment
    • Co-Investigator, Galileo Probe Nephelometer Experiment
    • Co-Investigator, Galileo Probe Net Flux Radiometer Experiment
    • Chair (acting), Galileo Atmospheres Working Group
    • Associate Astronomer, Infrared Space Observatory Long-Wavelength Spectrometer (European Space Agency)
    • NASA Planetary Atmospheres Management Operations Working Group (1986-1990)
    • Chair, NASA Infrared Telescope Facility Shoemaker-Levy 9 Science Team (1994)
  • Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech - Resident Research Associate (NASA-NRC) (1975-1977)
Selected Awards
NASA Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement (1997)
Selected Publications
  1. V. S. Meadows, , M. Line, M-C. Liang, Y. L. Yung, J. Van Cleve, M. Burgdorf. 2008. First Spitzer observations of Neptune: Detection of new hydrocarbons. Icarus. 197, 585-589.
  2. A. Coustenis, S. K. Atreya, T. Balint, R. H. Brown, M. K. Dougherty, F. Ferri, M. Fulchignoni, D. Gautier, R. A. Gowen, C. A. Griffith, L. I. Gurvits, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, L. N. Fletcher, G. S. Orton, N. A. Teanby, P. G. J. Irwin, G. L. Bjoraker. 2008. Methane and its isotopologues on Saturn from Cassini/CIRS observations. Icarus. In press.
  3. L. N. Fletcher, G. S. Orton, P. Yanamandra-Fisher, B. M. Fisher, P. D. Parrish, P. G. J. Irwin. 2008. Retrieval of atmospheric variables on the gas giants from ground-based mid-infrared imaging. Icarus. In press.
  4. A. Burrows and G. Orton. 2008. Theory of giant planet atmospheres and spectra. In Extrasolar Planets (A. Burrows, Ed.). In press.
  5. C. B. Leovy, A. J. Friedson, and G. S. Orton. 1991. The quasiquadrennial oscillation of Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere. Nature 354, 380-382.
  6. H. B. Hammel, L. A. Young, D. K. Lynch, R. Russell, J. Hackwell, and G. S. Orton. 1992. Variability of Neptune's 12.2-µm ethane emission feature. Icarus 99,347-352.
  7. G. S. Orton, J. H. Lacy, J. M. Achtermann, P. Parmar, and W. E. Blass. 1992. Thermal spectroscopy of Neptune: the stratospheric temperature, hydrocarbon abundances and isotopic ratios, Icarus 100, 541-555.
  8. M. J. Griffin and G. S. Orton. 1993. The near-millimeter spectra of Uranus and Neptune. Icarus 105, 537-547.
  9. G. S. Orton, A. J. Friedson, P. A. Yanamandra-Fisher, J. Caldwell, H. Hammel, K. H. Baines, J. T. Bergstralh, T. Z. Martin, R. A. West, G. J. Veeder, Jr., D. K. Lynch, R. Russell, M. E. Malcom, W. F. Golisch, D. M. Griep, C. D. Kaminski, A. T. Tokunaga, R. Baron, T. Herbst and M. Shure. 1994. Thermal maps of Jupiter: Spatial organization and time dependence of tropospheric temperatures, 1980-1993. Science 265, 625-631.
  10. A. Marten, C. de Bergh, T. Owen, D. Gautier, J.-P. Maillard, P. Drossart, B. L. Lutz, and G. S. Orton. 1994. Four-micron high-resolution spectra of Jupiter in the North Equatorial Belt: H3+ emissions and the 12C/13C ratio. Planetary and Space Science 42, 391-399.
  11. T. Takata, J. D. O'Keefe, T. J. Ahrens, and G. S. Orton. 1994. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9: Impact on Jupiter and plume evolution. Icarus 109, 3-19.
  12. T. Takata, T. J. Ahrens, J. D. O'Keefe, and G. S. Orton. 1994. Impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy-9 on Jupiter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1087-1091.
  13. T. J. Ahrens, T. Takata, J. D. O'Keefe, and G. S. Orton. 1994. Radiative signatures from impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 21, 1087-1090.
  14. J. V. Martonchik and G. S. Orton. 1995. Optical constants of liquid and solid methane. Appl. Opt. 33, 8306-8317.
  15. G. Orton, M. A'Hearn, K. Baines, D. Deming, T. Dowling, J. Goguen, C. Griffith, H. Hammel, W. Hoffmann, D. Hunten, D. Jewitt, T. Kostiuk, S. Miller, K. Noll, K. Zahnle, N. Achilleos, A. Dayal, L. Deutsch, F. Espenak, P. Esterle, J. Friedson, K. Fast, J. Harrington, J. Hora, R. Joseph, D. Kelly, R. Knacke, J. Lacy, C. Lisse, J. Rayner, A. Sprague, M. Shure, K. Wells, P. Yanamandra-Fisher, D. Zipoy, G. Bjoraker, D. Buhl, W. Golisch, D. Griep, C. Kaminski, C. Arden, A. Chaikin, J. Goldstein, D. Gilmore, G. Fazio, T. Kanamori, H. Lam, T. Livengood, M.-M. MacLow, M. Marley, T. Momary, D. Robertson, P. Romani, J. Spitale, M. Sykes, J. Tennyson, D. Wellnitz, and S.-W. Ying. 1995. The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility investigation of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 and its collision with Jupiter. 1995. Science 267, 1277-1282.
  16. H. B. Hammel, R. F. Beebe, A. O. Ingersoll, G. S. Orton, J. R. Mills, A. A. Simon, P. Chodas, J. T. Clarke, E. Dejong, T. E. Dowling, J. Harrington, L. F. Huber, E. Karkoschka, C. M. Santori, A. Toigo, D. Yeomans, and R. A. West. 1995. Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Jupiter: Atmospheric phenomena created by the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. 1995. Science 267, 1288-1296.
  17. J. Bishop, S. K. Atreya, P. N. Romani, G. S. Orton, B. R. Sandel, and R. V. Yelle. 1995. The middle and upper atmosphere of Neptune. In Neptune and Triton (J. Bergstralh and M. Matthews, Eds.) Univ. of Arizona Press, Thcson, 427-488.
  18. T. Z. Martin, G. S. Orton, L. D. Travis, L. I. Tamppari, and I. Claypool. 1995. Observation of Shoemaker-Levy impacts by the Galileo Photopolarimeter Radiometer. Science 268, 1875-1879.
  19. A. J. Friedson, W. F. Hoffmann, J. D. Goguen, K. K. Deutsch, G. S. Orton, J. L.Hora, A. Dayal, J. N. Spitale, W. K. Wells, and G. G. Fazio. 1995. Thermal infrared light curves of the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragment R. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1569-1572.
  20. A. Marten, D. Gautier, T. Owen, M. J. Griffin, H. E. Matthews, D. Bockelee-Morvan, P. Colom, J. Crovisier., E. Lellouch, D. A. Naylor, G. R. Davis, G. Orton, I. de Pater, S. Atreya, B. Han, D. B. Sanders, and D. Strobel. 1995. Detection and evolution of HCN in the stratosphere of Jupiter following the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into Jupiter. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1589-1592.
  21. S. Miller, N. Achilleos, B.M. Dinelli, H. A. Lam, J. Tennyson, M.-F. Jagod, T. Oka, T.R. Geballe, L.M. Trafton, R. D. Joseph, G. E. Ballester, K. Baines, T.Y. Brooke and G. Orton. 1995. The effect of Jupiter's aurorae of the impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 1629-1632.
  22. G. Birnbaum, A. Borysow, and G. S. Orton. 1996. Collision-induced absorption of H2-H2 and H2-He in the rotational and fundamental band for planetary applications. Icarus 123, 4-22.
  23. S. J. Kim, G. S. Orton, and C. Dumas. 1996. Infrared spectroscopy of Jupiter's atmosphere after the A, D and E impacts of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Icarus 120, 326-331.
  24. G. Orton, J. L. Ortiz, K. Baines, G. Bjoraker, U. Carsenty, F. Colas, D. Deming, P. Drossart, E. Frappa, J. Friedson, J. Goguen, W. Golisch, D. Griep, C. Hernandez, W. Hoffmann, D. Jennings, C. Kaminski, J. Kuhn, P. Laques, S. Limaye, H. Lin, J. Lecacheux, T. Martin, G. McCabe, T. Momary, D. Parker, R. Puetter, M. Ressler, G. Reyes, P. Sada, J. Spencer, J. Spitale, S. Stewart, J. Varsik, J. Warell, W. Wild, P. Yanamandra-Fisher, A. Dayal, L. Deutsch, G. Fazio, and J. Hora. 1996. Results of Earth-Based Observations of the Galileo Probe Entry Site. Science 272, 839-840.
  25. L. A. Sromovsky, F. A. Best, A. D. Collard, P. M. Fry, H. E. Revercomb, R. S. Freedman, G. Orton, J. Hayden. 1996. Preliminary results of the Gaileo Net Flux Radiomter Experiment. Science 272, 851-854.
  26. T. Y. Brooke, G. S. Orton, D. Crisp, A. J. Friedson, and G. L. Bjoraker. 1996. Nearinfrared spectroscopy of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact sites with UKIRT: CO emission from the L site and additional 5-micron spectra. Icarus 121, 422-430.
  27. M. J. S. Belton, J. W. Head III, A. P. Ingersolll, R. Greeley, A. S. McEwen, K. P. Klaasen, D. Senske, R. Pappalardo, G. Collins, A. R. Vasavada, R. Sullivan, D. Simonelli, P. Geissler, M. H. Carr, M. E. Davies, J. Veverka, P. J. Gierasch, D. Banfield, M. Bell, C. R. Chapman, C. Anger, R. Greenberg, G. Neukeum, C. P. Pilcher, R. F. Beebe, J. A. Bruns, F. Fanale, W. Ip, T. V. Johnson, D. Morrison, J. Moore, G. S. Orton, P. Thomas, R. A. West. 1996. Galileo's first images of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites. Science 274, 377-385.
  28. R. Carlson, W. Smythe, K, Baines, E. Barbinis, K. Becker, R. Burns, S. Calcutt, W. Calvin, R. Clark, G. Danielson, A. Davies, P. Drossart, T. Encrenaz, F. Fanale, J. Granahan, G. Hansen, P. Herrera, C. Hibbitts, J. Hui, P. Irwin, T. Johnson, L. Kamp, H. Kieffer, F. Leader, E. Lellouch, R. Lopes-Gueiter, D. Matson, T. McCord, R. Mehlman, A. Ocampo, G. Orton, M. Roos-Serote, M. Segura, J. Shirley, L. Soderblom, A. Stevenson, J. Torson, F. Taylor, A. Weir, and P. Weissman. 1996. Near-infrared spectroscopy and spectral mapping of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites: First results from Galileo's initial orbit. Science 274, 385-388.
  29. G. S. Orton, J. R. Spencer, L. D. Travis, T. Z. Martin, L. K. Tamppari, 1996. Results of the Galileo Photopolarimeter/Radiometer on Jupiter and the Galilean Satellites. Science 274, 388-391.
  30. M. J. Griffin, D. A. Naylor, G. R. Davis, P. A. R. Ade, P. G. Oldham, B. M. Swinyard, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, G. S. Orton, Th. Encrenaz, C. Armand, M. Burgdof, A. Di Giorgio, D. Ewart, C. Gry, T. Lim, S. Molinari. M. Price, S. Sidher, A. Smith, D. Texier, and A. Salama. 1996. First detection of the 56-µm rotational line of HD in Saturn's atmosphere. Astron Astrophys. 315, L389-L392.
  31. G. R. Davis, M. J. Griffin, D. A. Naylor, P. G. Oldham, B. M. Swinyard, P. A. R. Ade, S. B. Calcutt, T. Encrenaz, T. Degraauw, D. Gautier, P. G. J. Irwin, E. Lellouch, G. S. Orton, C. Armand, M. Burgdorf, A. DiGiorgio, D. Ewart, C. Gry, K. J. King, T. Lim, S. Molinari, M. Price, S. Sidher, A. Smith, D. Texier, N. Trams, S. J. Unger. 1996. ISO LWS measurement of the far-infrared spectrum of Saturn. Astron. Astrophys. 315, L393-396.
  32. B. Bezard, C. A. Griffith, D. Kelly, J. Lacy, T. Greathouse, and G. Orton. 1997. Thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy of Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact sites: Temperature and HCN retrievals. Icarus 125, 94-120.
  33. K. S. Noll, D. Gilmore, R. F. Knacke, M. Womack, C. Griffith, and G. Orton. 1997. Carbon monoxide in Jupiter after comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. Icarus 126, 324-335.
  34. J. L. Ortiz, G. Orton, F. Moreno, A. Molina. S. Larson, P. Yanamandra-Fisher. 1997. The Shoemaker-Levy 9 H impact: some results from the William Herschel Telescope, Astron. Astrophys. 324, 357-365.
  35. T. Z. Martin, G. S. Orton. 1997. Shoemaker-Levy 9: Distribution of radiant energy. Planetary and Space Sci. 45, 1287-1298.
  36. G. S. Orton, B. M. Fisher, K. H. Baines, S. T. Stewart, A. J. Friedson, J. L. Ortiz, M. Marinova, W. Hoffmann, J. Hora, M. Ressler, S. Hinkley, V. Krishnan, M. Masanovic, J. Tesic, A. Tziolas, and K. Parija. 1998. Characteristics of the Galileo Probe entry site from earth-based remote sensing observations. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22791-22814.
  37. B. Ragent, D. S. Colburn, K. A. Rages, T. C. D. Knight, P. Avrin, G. S. Orton, P. A. Yanamandra-Fisher, and G. W. Grams. 1998. The clouds of Jupiter: Results of the Galileo Jupiter mission Probe Nephelometer experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22891-22910.
  38. L. A. Sromovsky, A. D. Collard, P. M. Fry, G. S. Orton, M. T. Lemmon, M. G. Tomasko, and R. F. Freedman. 1998. Galileo Probe measurements of thermal and solar radiation fluxes in the Jovian atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 22929-22978.
  39. P. G. J. Irwin, A. L. Weir, S. Smith, F. W. Taylor, A. L. Lambert, S. B. Calcutt, R. W. Carlson, K. Baines, G. Orton, P. Drossart, Th. Encrenaz, M. Roos-Serote. 1998. Cloud structure and atmospheric composition of Jupiter retrieved from Galileo NIMS Real-time Spectra. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 23001-23022.
  40. M. Roos-Serote, P. Drossart, Th. Encrenaz, E. Lellouch, R. W. Carlson, K. H. Baines, L. Kamp, R. Mehlman, and G. Orton. 1998. Analysis of Jupiter NEB hot spots in the 4 - 5 J..Lm range from Galileo/NIMS observations: measurements of water, ammonia and cloud opacity. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 23023-23042.
  41. P. Drossart, M. Roos-Serote, Th. Encrenaz, E. Lellouch, K. H. Baines, R. W. Carlson, L. W. Kamp, S. Calcutt, P. Irwin, F. W. Taylor, and G. S. Orton. 1998. The solar reflected component in Jupiter's 5-micron spectra from NIMS/Galileo observations. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 23043-23050.
  42. J. L. Ortiz, G. S. Orton, A. J. Friedson, S. T. Stewart, B. M. Fisher, and J. R. Spencer 1998. Evolution and persistence of 5-µm hot spots at the Galileo Probe entry latitude. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 23051 - 23069.
  43. A. R. Vasavada, A. P. Ingersoll, D. Banfield, M. Bell, P. Gierasch, M. J. S. Belton, G. S. Orton, K. P. Klaasen, E. Dejong, H. H. Breneman, T. J. Jones, J. M. Kaufman, K. P. Magee, and D. A. Senske 1998. Galileo imaging of Jupiter's atmosphere: The Great Red Spot, equatorial region, and White Ovals. Icarus 135, 265-275.
  44. G. Birnbaum, A. Buechele, T. Jian, G. S. Orton, Z. Hadzibabic, and G. R. John. 1999. Absorption in the troughs of the far infrared spectra of NH3 and mixtures of NH3 and H2. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 64, 47-65.
  45. G. S. Orton, E. Serabyn, and Y. T. Lee. 2000. Vertical distribution of PH3 in Saturn from observations of the 1-0 and 3-2 rotational lines. Icarus 146, 48-59.
  46. D. S. Sidher, M. J. Griffin, G. R. Davis, B. M. Swinyard., M. Burgdorf, G. S. Orton, D. J. Rudy, Th. Encrenaz, E. Lellouch, and Th. de Graauw. 2000. ISO LWS Observations of Mars - Detection of rotational modulation in the far infrared. Icarus 147, 35-41.
  47. L. A. Sromovsky, P. M. Fry, K. H. Baines, S. S. Limaye, G. T. Orton, and T. Dowling. 2001. Coordinated 1996 HST and IRTF imaging of Neptune and Triton. Icarus 149. 416-434.
  48. G. S. Orton, E. Serabyn, and Y. T. Lee. 2001. Corrigendum: Vertical distribution of PH3 in Saturn from observations of the 1-0 and 3-2 rotational lines. Icarus 149, 489-490.
  49. A. Sanchez-Lavega, G. S. Orton, R. Morales, J. Lecacheux, F. Colas, B. Fisher, P. Fukumura-Sawada, W. Golsich, D. Griep, C. Kaminski, B. Baines. K. Rages and R. West. 2001. The merger of two giant anticyclones in the atmosphere of Jupiter. Icarus 149, 491-495.
  50. P. A. Yanamandra-Fisher, G. S. Orton, and B. M. Fisher. 2001. Saturn's 5.2-J.Lm cold spots: Unexpected cloud variability. Icarus 150, 189-193.
  51. G. Orton and M. Burgdorf. 2001. Planetary spectral models as references for calibration. In Proc. of the Calibration Legacy of the ISO Mission, Feb. 5-9, 2001.
  52. M. de la Torre Juarez, B. M. Fisher, and G. S. Orton. 2002. Large scale geostrophic winds with a full representation of the Coriolis force: Application to IRTF observations of the upper Jovian troposphere. Geophys & Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 96, 87-114.
  53. M. Burgdorf, G. S. Orton, G. R. Davis, S. D. Sidher, H. Feuchtgruber, M. H. Griffin, and B. M. Swinyard. 2003. Neptune's far-infrared spectrum from the ISO LongWavelength and Short-Wavelength Spectrometers. Icarus 164, 244-253.
  54. T. Encrenaz, P. Drossart, G. Orton, E. Lellouch, and S. Atreya. 2003. The rotation temperature and column density of Ht in Uranus. Plan. & Space Sci. 51, 10131016.
  55. T. Encrenaz, E. Lellouch, P. Drossart, H. Feuchtgruber, G. S. Orton, and S. K. Atreya. 2004. First detection of CO in Uranus. Plan. & Space Sci. 413, L5-L9.
  56. F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, R. K. Achterberg, B. J. Conrath, A. A. Simon-Miller, C. A. Nixon, P. J. Gierasch, P. N. Romani, B. Bezard., P. Irwin, G. L. Bjoraker, J. C. Brasunas, D. E. Jennings, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. S. Orton, L. J. Spilker, R. Carlson, S. B. Calcutt, P. L Read, F. W. Taylor, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Coutin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, T. Fouchet, C. Ferrari, T. C. Owen, M. M. Abbas, R. E. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. J. Cesarsky, K. U. Grossman, A. Coradini. 2004. An intense stratospheric jet on Jupiter. Nature 427, 132-135.
  57. M. M. Abbas, A. LeClair, T. Owen, B. J. Conrath, F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, C. A. Nixon, R. K. Achterberg, G. Bjoraker, D. J. Jennings, G. Orton, and P. Romani. 2004. The nitrogen isotopic ratio in Jupiter's atmosphere from observations by the composite Infrared Radiometer on the Cassini spacecraft. Astrophys. J. 206, 1063-1074.
  58. M. J. Burgdorf, G. S. Orton, T. Encrenaz, G. R. Davis, S. D. Sidher, E. Lellouch, B. M. Swinyard. 2004. The far-infrared spectra of Jupiter and Saturn. Plan. & Space Sci. 52, 379-383.
  59. M. Creech-Eakman, E. Serabyn, G. S. Orton, T. Hayward. 2004. Mid-Infrared Detection of the L Dwarf DENIS 0255-4700. Astrophys. J. 602, LI20-LI32.
  60. J. Moses, B. Bezard, P. Drossart, T. Fouchet, A. J. Friedson, G. R. Gladstone, G. S. Orton, and R. Yelle. 2004. The stratosphere of Jupiter. In Jupiter - the Planet, the Satellites, the Magnetosphere. (F. Bagenal, ed.) U. Colorado Press, Boulder, CO. In press.
  61. A. P. Ingersoll, D. Banfield, A. Showman, A. Vasavada, B. J. Conrath, G. S. Orton, P. Gierasch, P. Read, and T. Dowling. 2004. The dynamics of Jupiter. In Jupiterthe Planet, the Satellites, the Magnetosphere. (F. Bagenal, ed.) U. Colorado Press, Boulder, CO. In press.
  62. M. J. Burgdorf, G. S. Orton, T. Encrenaz, G. R. Davis, E. Lellouch, S. D. Sidher, B. M. Swinyard. 2004. Far-infrared spectroscopy of the giant planets: Measurements of ammonia and phosphine at Jupiter and Saturn and the continuum of Neptune. Adv. Space Res. 34, 2247-2250.
  63. V. G., Kunde, F. M. Flasar, D. E. Jennings, B. Bezard, D. F. Strobel, B. J. Conrath, C. A. Nixon, G. L. Bjoraker, P. N. Romani, R. K. Achterberg, A. A. Simon-Miller, P. Irwin, J. C. Brasunas, J. C. Pearl, M. D. Smith, G. S. Orton, P. J. Giera.sch, L. J. Spilker, R. C. Carlson, A. A. Mamoutkine, S. B. Calcutt, P. L. Read, F. W. Taylor, T. Fouchet, P. Parrish, A. Barucci, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, D. Gautier, E. Lellouch, A. Marten, R. Prange, Y. Biraud, C. Ferrari, T. C. Owen, M. M. Abbas, R. E. Samuelson, F. Raulin, P. Ade, C. J. Cesarsky, K. U. Grossman, A. Coradini, A. 2004. Jupiter's atmospheric composition from the Cassini thermal infrared spectroscopy experiment. Science 305, 1582-1587.
  64. G. S. Orton and P. A. Yanamadra-Fisher. 2005. Saturn's temperature field from highresolution middle-infrared imaging. Science 307, 696-701.
  65. F. M. Flasar, V. G. Kunde, M. M. Abbas, R. C. Achterberg, P. Ade, A. Barucci, A Bezard, G. L. Bjoraker, J. C. Brasunas, S. Calcutt, R. Carlson, C. J. Cezarsky, B. J. Conrath, A. Coradini, R. Courtin, A. Coustenis, S. edberg, S. Edgington, C. Ferrari, T. Fouchet, D. Gautier, P. J. Gierasch, K. Grossman, P. Irwin, D. E. Jennings, E. Lellouch, A. A. Mamoutkine, A. Marten, J. P. Meyer, C. A. Nixon, G. S. Orton, T. C. Owen, J. C. Pearl, P. Prange, F. Raulin, P. L. Read, P. N. Romani, R. E. Samuelson, M. E. Segura, M. R. Showalter, A. A. Simon-Mililer, D. M. Smith, J. R. Spencer, L. J. Spilker, and F. W. Taylor. 2004. Exploring the Saturn system in the thermal infrared: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer. Space Sci. Rev. 115, 168-297.
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