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Kevin Baines

Photo of Kevin Baines

Address:

4800 Oak Grove Drive
M/S 183-601

Pasadena, CA 91109

Phone:

818-879-3502

Fax:

818-393-4605

Member of:

Planetary And Exoplanetary Atmospheres

Education

  • B.A. in Physics, Astronomy (with honors, summa cum laude), Amherst College (1976)
  • M.A. in Physics, Washington University (1978)
  • Ph.D. in Physics, Washington University (1982)

Professional Experience

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1984 - present)

  • Principal Scientist (2003 - present)
  • Lead USA Scientist for the Venus Express Mission (2007 – 2015)
  • Co-Investigator, PFS and VIRTIS on Venus Express
  • Research Scientist (1984 - present)
  • Cassini /VIMS Science Team Member
  • Galileo/NIMS Co-Investigator
  • Galileo/NIMS Venus/Earth/Jupiter Atmospheric Science Coordinator

Selected Awards

  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Cassini Segmentation/Pre-Integrated Events Team (2016)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award - Cassini Solstice Pre-Integration Team (2011)
  • Edward Stone Award for Outstanding Research Publication, JPL (2003)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Galileo Orbiter Instrument Design, Dev. and Test (1991)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Galileo Ida Encounter/Dactyl Discovery Team (1995)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Galileo Orbital Operations Recovery Team (1997)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Galileo Project Team (1998)
  • NASA Group Achievement Award-Cassini Research Visible and Infrared Spectrometer Team (1998)
  • Editor's Letter of Commendation, Icarus (1991)

Selected Publications

  • Chowdhury, M. N., Stallard, T. S., Baines, K. H., Provan, G., Melin, H., Hunt, G. J., Moore, L., O’Donoghue, J., Thomas, E. M., Wang, R., Miller, S., and Badman, S. V (2021). Saturn's weather-driven aurorae modulate oscillations in the magnetic field and radio emissions. GRL 10.1029/2021GL096492.
  • Delitsky, M. D. and Baines, K. H. (2023). Cloud chemistry on Venus: Sulfuric acid reactions and supercooling in Venus liquid cloud droplets Planet. Space. Sci. 237, 105750; doi:10.1016/j.pss.2023.105750.
  • Wang, R., Stallard, T. S., Melin, H., Baines, K. H., Achilleos, N., Rymer, A. M., Ray, L. C. (260) Nichols, J. D., Moore, L., O’Donoghue, J., Thomas, E. M., Chowdhury, M. N., and Miller, S, (2023). Asymmetric ionospheric jets in Jupiter’s aurora. JGR-Space Physics, 128, e2023JA031861, doi:10.1029/2023JA031861.
  • Limaye, S. S., Mogul, R., Baines, K.H., Bullock, M. A., Cockell, C., Cutts, J. A., Gentry, D. M., Grinspoon, D. H., Head, J. W., Jessup, K.-L., Kompanichenko, V., Lee, Y. J., Mathies, R., Milojevic, T. Pertzborn, R. A., Rothschild, L., Sasaki, S., Schulze-Makuch, D., Smith, D. J.,and Way, M. J. (2021). Venus, an astrobiology target. Astrobiology, in print.
  • Baines, K. H., Nikolic, D., Cutts, J. A., Delitsky, M. L., Renard, J.-P., Madzunkov, S. M., Barge, L. M., Mousis, O., Wilson, C., Limaye, S. S., and Verdier, N. (2021). Investigation of Venus Cloud and Aerosol Composition including Potential Biogenic Materials via an Aerosol-Sampling Instrument Package. Astrobiology 21, 10, Oct.2021, 1316-1323. DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0001.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Baines, K. H., and Fry, P. M (2021). Evolution of Saturn's north polar color and cloud structure between 2012 and 2017 inferred from Cassini VIMS and ISS observations. Icarus 362, 114409, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114409
  • Dahl, E.M., Chanover, N. J., Orton, G. S., Baines, K. H., Sinclair, J. A., Voelz, D. G., Wijerathna, E., Strycker, P. D., and Irwin, P. G. J. (2020). Vertical structure and color of jovian latitudinal cloud bands during the Juno era. Planet. Sci. J., PSJ AAS25198R2
  • Baines, K. H., Sromovsky, L. A., Fry, P. M., Momary, T. W., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., Nicholson, P.D., and Sotin, C. (2018). The eye of Saturn's north polar vortex: Unexpected  cloud structures observed at high spatial resolution by Cassini/VIMS. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, 12, 5867-5875. https//doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078168
  • Studwell, A., Liming, L., Jiang, X., Baines, K. H., Fry, P. M., Momary, T.W., and Dyudina, U. A. (2018).  Saturn’s global zonal winds explored by Cassini/VIMS 5-micron images. Geophys. Res. Lett. 45, 14, 6823-6831.  https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078139 
  • Baines, K. H., Sromovsky, L. A., Carlson, R. W., Momary, T. W., and Fry, P. M. (2019). The visual spectrum of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot accurately modeled with aerosols produced by  photolyzed ammonia reacting with acetylene. Icarus 330, 217-229.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2019.04.008
  • Baines, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Crary, F., Edgington, S. G., Greathouse, T. K., Melin, H.,Mousis, O., Orton, G. S., Spilker, T. R., and Wesley, A. (2018). The future exploration of Saturn. In Saturn in the 21st Century. (K. H. Baines, F. M. Flasar, N. Krupp,T. Stallard, Eds). Cambridge University Press, in press.
  • Sayanagi, K. M., Baines, K. H., Dyudina, U. A., Fletcher, L. N., Sanchez-Lavega, A., and West, R. A. (2018). Saturn's polar atmosphere. In Saturn in the 21st Century.(K. H. Baines, F. M. Flasar, N. Krupp, T. Stallard, Eds). Cambridge University Press, in press.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Baines, K. H., Fry, P. M., and Carlson, R. W. (2018). Models of bright storm clouds and related dark ovals in Saturn's Storm Alley as constrained by Cassini/VIMS spectra. Icarus 302, 360-385.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Baines, K. H., Fry, P. M., and Carlson, R. W.  (2017). A possibly universal red chromophore for modeling Jupiter’s visual spectrum. Icarus 291, 232-244.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Baines, K. H., Fry, P. M., and Momary, T. W. (2016). Cloud clearing in the wake of Saturn's Great Storm of 2010-2011 and suggested new constraints on Saturn's He/H2 ratio. Icarus 276, 141-162.
  • Carlson, R. W., Baines, K. H., Anderson, M. S., and Simon-Miller, A. A. (2016). Chromophores from photolyzed ammonia reacting with acetylene: Application to Jupiter’s Great Red Spot. Icarus 274, 106-115, doi: 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.008.
  • Delitsky, M. L., Baines, K. H. (2015). Storms on Venus: Lightning-induced chemistry and predicted products. Planet. Space Sci., 113-114, 184-192; doi:10.1016/j.pss.2014.12.005.
  • Baines, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Bullock, M. A., Grinspoon, D., Mahaffy, P., Russell, C. T., Schubert, G., and Zahnle, K. (2013). The atmospheres of the terrestrial planets: to the origins and early evolution of Venus, Earth and Mars. In Comparative Climatology of  Terrestrial Planets (S. J. Mackwell, A. A. Simon-Miller, J. W. Harder, and M. A. Bullock, Ed). University of Arizona Press, Pp. 137-160.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Baines, K. H., and Fry, P. M. (2013). Saturn’s Great Storm of 2010-2011: Evidence for ammonia and water ices from analysis of VIMS spectra. Icarus 226, 402-418.
  • Baines, K. H., Yanamandra-Fisher, P. A., Momary, T. W., Orton, G. S., Villar, G. G. III., Fletcher, L. N., Campins, H., Rivkin, A. S., and Shara, M. (2013). The temporal evolution of the July 2009 Jupiter impact cloud. Planet. Space. Sci. 77, 25-39.
  • McGouldrick, K., Momary, T. W., Baines, K. H., and Grinspoon, D. H. (2012). Quantification of middle and lower cloud variability and mesoscale dynamics from Venus Express/VIRTIS observations at 1.74 μm. Icarus 217, 615-628. Doi:10.106/j.icarus.2011.07.009.
  • Wilson, C. F., Chassefière, E., Hinglais, E., Baines, K. H., Balint, T., Berthelier, J.-J., Blamont, J., Durry, G., Ferencz, C. S.., Grimm, R., Imamura, T., Josset, J.-L., Leblanc, F., Lebonnois, S., Leitner, J., Limaye, S., Marty, B., Palomba, E., Pogrebenko, S., Rafkin, S., C. R., Talboys, D. L., Wieler, R., Zasova, L. V., Szopa, C., and the EVE Team. (2011). The 2010 European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission proposal. Exp. Astron. DOI 10.1007/s10686-011-9259-9.
  • Fletcher, L. N., Hesman, B. E., Irwin, P. G. J., Baines, K. H., Momary, T. W., Sanchez-Lavega, A., Flasar, F. M., Read, P. L., Orton, G. S., Simon-Miller, A., Hueso, R., Bjoraker, G., Marmoutkine. A, del Rio-Gaztelurrutia, T., Gomez, J. M., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B., Clark, R. N., Nicholson, P. D., and Sotin, C. (2011). Thermal structure and dynamics of Saturn's northern springtime disturbance. Science 332, 1413-1417.
  • West, R. A., Baines, K. H., Karkoschka, E., and Sánchez-Lavega, A. (2009). Clouds and aerosols in Saturn's atmosphere. In Saturn from Cassini-Huygens (M. K. Dougherty, L. W. Esposito, and S. M. Krimigis, Eds). Springer, Pp. 161-179.
  • Del Genio, A. D., Achterberg, R. K., Baines, K. H., Flasar, F. M., Read, P. L., Sánchez-Lavega, A., and Showman, A. P. (2009). Saturn atmospheric structure and dynamics. In Saturn from Cassini-Huygens (M. K. Dougherty, L. W. Esposito, and S. M. Krimigis, Eds). Springer, Pp. 113-159.
  • Orton, G. S., Baines, K. H., Cruikshank, D., Cuzzi, J. N., Krimigis, S. M., Miller, S., and Lellouch, E. (2009). Review of knowledge prior to the Cassini-Huygens mission and concurrent research. In Saturn from Cassini-Huygens (M. K. Dougherty, L. W. Esposito, and S. M. Krimigis, Eds). Springer, Pp. 9-54.
  • Flasar, F. M., Baines, K. H., Bird, M. K., Tukano, T., and West, R. A. (2009). Atmospheric Dynamics and meteorology. In Titan from Cassini Huygens (R. H. Brown, J.-P. Lebreton, J. H. Waite, Eds). Springer, Pp. 323-352.
  • Baines, K. H., Momary, T. W., Fletcher, L. N., Showman, A. P., Roos-Serote, M., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., and Nicholson, P. D. (2009). Saturn's north polar cyclone and hexagon at depth revealed by Cassini/VIMS. Planetary and Space Sci. 57, 1671-1681. doi: 10.1016/j.pss.2009.06.026.
  • Baines, K. H., Delitsky, M. L., Momary, T. W., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., and Nicholson, P. D. (2009). Storm clouds on Saturn: Lightning-induced chemistry and associated materials consistent with Cassini/VIMS spectra. Planetary and Space Sci. 57, 1650-1658. doi:10:1016/j.pss.2009.06.025.
  • McGouldrick, K., Baines, K. H., Momary, T. W., and Grinspoon, D. H. (2009), Venus Express/VIRTIS observations of middle and lower cloud variability, and implications for dynamics. JGR-Planets, 114 E00B14, doi:10.1029/2008JE003113.
  • Reuter, D. C., Simon-Miller, A. A., Lunsford, A., Baines, K. H., Cheng, A. F., Jennings, D. E., Olkin, C.B., Spencer, J. R., Stern, S. A.,Weaver, H. A. and Young, L A. (2007). Jupiter cloud composition, stratification, convection, and wave motion: A view from New Horizons. Science 318, 223-225.
  • Baines, K. H., Simon-Miller, A. A., Orton, G. S., Weaver, H. A., Lunsford, A., Momary, T. W., Spencer, J., Cheng, A. F., Reuter, D. C., Jennings, D. E., Gladstone, G. R., Moore, J., Stern, S. A., Young, L. A., Throop, H., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Fisher, B. M., Hora, J., and Ressler, M. E. (2007). Polar lightning and decadal-scale cloud variability on Jupiter Science 318, 226-229.
  • Baines, K. H., Atreya, S. K., Carlson, R. W., Crisp, D., Grinspoon, D., Russell, C. T., Schubert, G. and Zahnle, K. (2007). Experiencing Venus: Clues to the origin, evolution, and chemistry of terrestrial planets via in-situ exploration of our sister world. In Exploring Venus as a Terrestrial Planet (L. W. Esposito, E. R. Stofan, and T. E. Cravens, Eds). Geophysical Monograph 176, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. pp. 171-189.
  • Baines, K. H., Drossart, P., Lopez-Valverde, M., Atreya, S. K., Sotin, C., Momary, T., Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Clark, R. N., and Nicholson, P. D. (2006). On the discovery of CO nighttime emissions on Titan by Cassini/VIMS: Derived stratospheric abundances and geological implications. Planetary and Space Sci. 54, 1552-1562.
  • Baines, K. H., S. Atreya, R. W. Carlson, D. Crisp, P. Drossart, V. Formisano, S. S. Limaye, W. J. Markiewicz, G. Piccioni (2005). To the Depths of Venus: Exploring the deep atmosphere and surface of our sister world with Venus Express. Planetary and Space Sci. 54, 1263-1278.
  • Brown, R. H., R. N. Clark, B. J. Buratti, D. P. Cruikshank, J. W. Barnes, R. M. E. Mastrapa, J. Bauer, S. Newman, T. Momary, K. H. Baines, G. Bellucci, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerroni et al. (2005). Composition and physical properties of Enceladus' surface. Science 311,1425-1428.
  • Griffith, C. A., P. Penteado, K. Baines, P. Drossart, J. Barnes, G. Bellucci, J. Bibring, R. Brown, B. Buratti, F. Capaccioni, P. Cerrroni, R. Clark, M. Combes, A. Coradini, D. Cruikshank, V. Formisano, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D. Matson, T. McCord, V. Mennella, R. Nelson, P. Nicholson, B. Sicaardy, C. Sotin, L. A. Soderblom, and R. Kursinski (2005). The evolution of Titan's mid-latitude clouds. Science 310, 474-477.
  • Baines, K. H., P. Drossart, T.W. Momary, V. Formisano. C. Griffith, G. Bellucci, J. P. Bibring, R.H. Brown, B.J. Buratti , F. Capaccioni , P. Cerroni , R.N. Clark, A. Coradini, D.P. Cruikshank, R. Jaumann, Y. Langevin, D.L. Matson, T.B. McCord, V. Mennella, R.M. Nelson, P.D. Nicholson, B. Sicardy, C. Sotin (2005). The Atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the Near-Infrared: First Results of Cassini/VIMS. Earth, Moon, and Planets 96, 119-147.
  • Atreya, S. K., A. S. Wong, K.H. Baines, M. H. Wong, T. C. Owen. (2005). Jupiters ammonia clouds-localized or ubiquitous? Planetary and Space Science, 53, 498-507.
  • Brown, R. A., Baines, K. H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Buratti, B. J., Capacionni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R. N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D. P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R. Langevin, Y.,Matson, D.L., McCord, T.B., Mennella, V.,Miller, E.,Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B.,and Sotin, C. (2004). The Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer Investigation. Space Sci. Rev. 115, 1-4, 111-168.
  • West, R. A., Baines, K. H., Banfield, D., Friedson, A. J. and Ragent, B. (2004). Jovian clouds and haze. In Jupiter: Planet, Satellites, and Magnetosphere (F. Bagenal, T. Dowling, and W.B. McKinnon Eds.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 79-104.
  • Brown, R. A., Baines, K. H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Buratti, B. J., Capacionni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R. N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D. P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V. et al. (2003). Observations with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) during Cassini's flyby of Jupiter. Icarus 164, 461-470.
  • Baines, K. H., Carlson, R. W., Kamp, L. W. (2002). Fresh ammonia ice clouds in Jupiter. Spectroscopic identification, spatial distribution, and dynamical implications. Icarus 159, 74-94.
  • Sromovsky, L. A., Fry, P. M., and Baines, K. H. (2002). The unusual dynamics of northern dark spots in Neptune, Icarus 156, 16-36.
  • Roe, H., Gavel, P., Max, C., de Pater, I., Gibbard, S., MacIntosh, B., and Baines, K. H. (2001). Near-infrared observations of Neptunes tropospheric cloud layer with the Lick Observatory adaptive optics system. Astron. J. 122, 1636-1643..
  • Sromovsky, L.A., Spencer, J. R., Baines, K. H., and Fry, P. M. (2000). Groundbased observations of cloud features on Uranus. Icarus, 146, 306-311.
  • Baines, K. H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J-P, Brown, R. H., Buratti, B. J., Bussoletti, E., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Clark, R. N., Coradini, A., Cruikshank, D. P., Drossart, P., Formisano, V., Jaumann, R., et al. (2000). Detection of sub-micron radiation from the surface of Venus by Cassini/VIMS. Icarus 148, 307-311.
  • Baines, K. H., Yanamandra-Fisher, P., Lebofsky, L. A., Momary, T. W., Golisch, W., Kaminski, C., and Wild, W. (1998). Near-infrared absolute photometric imaging of the Uranian System. Icarus, 132, 266-284.
  • Baines, K. H., Hammel, H. B., Rages, K. A., Romani, P. N., and Samuelson, R. E. (1995). Clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere of Neptune. In Neptune and Triton (D. P. Cruikshank, Ed.) University of Arizona Press, 489-546.
  • Baines, K. H., Mickelson, M. E., Larson, L. E., and Ferguson, D. W. (1995). The abundances of methane and ortho/para hydrogen in Uranus and Neptune: Implications of new laboratory 4-0 H2 quadrupole line parameters. Icarus 114, 328-340.
  • Baines, K. H. and Hammel, H. B. (1994). Clouds, hazes, and the stratospheric methane abundance in Neptune. Icarus 109, 20-39.
  • West, R.A., Baines, K.H., and Pollack, J.B. (1991). Clouds and aerosols in the Uranian atmosphere. In Uranus. (J.T. Bergstralh and M.S. Matthew, Eds.) University of Arizona Press, 296-324.
  • Carlson, R.W., Baines, K. H., Encrenaz, T., Taylor, F. W., Drossart, P., Kamp, L. W. et al. (1991). Galileo infrared imaging spectroscopy measurements at Venus. Science 253, 1541-1548.
  • Baines, K.H., and Smith, W.H. (1990). The atmospheric structure and dynamical properties of Neptune derived from ground-based and IUE spectrophotometry. Icarus 85, 65-108.
  • Hammel, H.B., Baines, K.H., and Bergstralh, J.T. (1989). Vertical aerosol structure on Neptune: Constraints from center-to-limb profiles. Icarus 80, 416-438.
  • Baines, K.H., and Bergstralh, J.T. (1986). The structure of the Uranian Atmosphere: Constraints from the geometric albedo spectrum and H2 and CH4 line profiles. Icarus 65, 406-441.

Projects

Cassini-Huygens
New Horizons
Venus Express